Operators

Arc operator reference for arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, and flow operators

Arithmetic operators

Table

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`+`	Addition	`3 + 2`	`5`
`-`	Subtraction	`5 - 2`	`3`
`-` (unary)	Negation	`-5`	`-5`
`*`	Multiplication	`3 * 4`	`12`
`/`	Division	`10 / 3`	`3` (integer) or `3.333...` (float)
`%`	Modulo	`10 % 3`	`1`
`^`	Exponentiation	`2 ^ 8`	`256`

Division behavior

Integer division truncates toward zero:

positive := 10 / 3 // 3 (not 3.333)
negative := -10 / 3 // -3

Float division produces a float:

result := 10.0 / 3.0 // 3.333...

Exponentiation

power := 2 ^ 8 // 256
square := 5 ^ 2 // 25
cube := 2.0 ^ 3 // 8.0

Exponentiation is right-associative:

result := 2 ^ 3 ^ 2 // 2 ^ (3 ^ 2) = 2 ^ 9 = 512

Comparison operators

All comparisons return bool (true or false).

Table

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`==`	Equal	`3 == 5`	`false`
`!=`	Not equal	`3 != 5`	`true`
`<`	Less than	`3 < 5`	`true`
`>`	Greater than	`3 > 5`	`false`
`<=`	Less than or equal	`3 <= 5`	`true`
`>=`	Greater than or equal	`3 >= 5`	`false`

in_range := pressure >= 100 and pressure <= 500

Logical operators

Logical operators require bool operands, use short-circuit evaluation, and return bool.

Table

Operator	Name	Example	Result
`and`	Logical AND	`true and false`	`false`
`or`	Logical OR	`false or true`	`true`
`not`	Logical NOT	`not true`	`false`

Short-circuit evaluation

and: If the left operand is false, the right operand is not evaluated
or: If the left operand is true, the right operand is not evaluated

// Safe: division only happens if b != 0
safe := b != 0 and (a / b) > 10

Assignment operators

Table

Operator	Name	Example	Equivalent
`=`	Assignment	`x = 5`
`+=`	Add and assign	`x += 5`	`x = x + 5`
`-=`	Subtract and assign	`x -= 5`	`x = x - 5`
`*=`	Multiply and assign	`x *= 2`	`x = x * 2`
`/=`	Divide and assign	`x /= 2`	`x = x / 2`
`%=`	Modulo and assign	`x %= 3`	`x = x % 3`

Variable declaration operators

Table

Operator	Name	Example
`:=`	Local variable declaration	`x := 5`
`$=`	Stateful variable declaration	`count $= 0`

Precedence table

Operators listed from highest to lowest precedence.

Table

Precedence	Operators	Associativity
1 (highest)	`^`	Right
2	`-` (unary), `not`	Right
3	`*`, `/`, `%`	Left
4	`+`, `-`	Left
5	`<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`	Left
6	`==`, `!=`	Left
7	`and`	Left
8 (lowest)	`or`	Left

Precedence examples

// Exponentiation binds tighter than unary minus
-2 ^ 2 // -(2 ^ 2) = -4; write (-2) ^ 2 for 4

// Multiplication before addition
2 + 3 * 4 // 2 + (3 * 4) = 14

// Comparison before logical
a > 5 and b < 10 // (a > 5) and (b < 10)

// Use parentheses for clarity
(a + b) * c

Series operators

Arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators work element-wise on series.

data := [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]

// Series with scalar
scaled := data * 2.0 // [2.0, 4.0, 6.0]

// Series with series (must be equal length)
sum := data + [4.0, 5.0, 6.0] // [5.0, 7.0, 9.0]

// Comparison returns series bool
mask := data > 2.0 // [false, false, true]

// Logical operators apply element-wise to series bool
inverted := not mask // [true, true, false]

String operators

Table

Operator	Operation	Example
`+`	Concatenation	`"Hello" + " World"`
`==`	Equality	`name == "test"`
`!=`	Inequality	`name != ""`

msg := "Hello"
greeting := msg + " World" // "Hello World"
is_empty := msg == "" // false

Truthiness

Contexts that test a value accept more than bool: the => conditional flow operator, if conditions, and for conditions.

Table

Type	Truthy when
`bool`	`true`
numeric	Non-zero
`str`	Non-empty

Variables

Flow